Transfer sheet foe shading surfaces



T. L. MADDOCK TRANSFER SHEET FOR SHADING SURFACES March 4, 1941.v

Filed Nov. 2%, 195a ATTORNEYS Patented Mar. 4, 1 941 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE ramsrna sneer roa snnnmc summons Theodore L. Maddock, Cleveland, Ohio, assignor to Fine Art Manufacturing Company, Cleveland, Ohio, a corporation of Ohio Application November 23, 1988, Serial No. 242,011

2 Claims.

. transparent cellulose sheet and a peculiar transferable material aflixed thereto.

The present application is a continuation of part of the application just mentioned, and relates to the transfer sheet used in carrying out the method. The prior application refers to a transfer sheet of Cellophane, preferably laminated in different directions to prevent curling. -While I have produced good results withsuch sheet, I have found it susceptible to weather conditions, and I now employ a thermo-plastic film of cellulose acetate, making one integral sheet preferably of about twelve one-thousandths of an inch thickness. and transparent, and by causing proper transferable material to adhere to it, I may use the sheet as an impression member, placing it over the drawing or other matter to-be shaded, then, by pressure of the artist's pencil on top of the sheet,

transfer shading material to the underlying su-rface.

Not only has there been difliculty in securing the proper transparent material which will be sufficiently thin and flexible to enable pressure to be readily transmitted, but which will be tough i enough to withstand usage and will not warp,

crinkle or change its size under weather conditions; or deteriorate with time; but also, it is highly important that the transfer material adhere to the sheet with sufllcient rigidity so that it will not be inadvertently displaced or rubbed off in storage. On the other hand, it must not adhere so flrmly'as to prevent transfer, and must not deteri- "orate or become hard or glossy with time.

After considerable experimenting, I have discovered a composition which may be handled like printers ink, and applied by a printing operation to the cellulose film which will not spread after being printed thereon, and will become-001m" paratively dryand effectively retain its position on the sheet, but which may be vtransferred to the underlying sheet by pressure on top of the film. The'composition which I employ, herein- Such sheet is thin, smooth, flexible trated in Fig. 3, is placed between the sheets A after mentioned in detail, forms the subject matter of another application of mine.

My transfer sheet is illustrated in the drawing hereof, and is hereafter more fully described,

and its essential novel characteristics are set out in the claims.

In the drawing, Fig. l is a plan of my cellulose sheet secured to a suitable protection sheet,a portion of the cellulose sheet being turned over for clearness of illustration; Fig. 2 is a diagram on 10 a very enlarged scale, indicating a cross-section of the transfer sheet and protection sheet; Fig. 3 is an illustration of a figure to be shaded; Fig. 4 illustrates the cellulose sheet placed over the drawing of Fig. 3, showing the artists pencil m 15 out of registration, whereby shading shown in Fig. 5 is produced; Fig. 9 is a view illustrating my sheet with the transferable material arranged in parallel lines thereon; Fig, 10 is a diagram illustrating a multiple application of the transfer arrangement of Fig. 9 to the underlying sheet.

As shown in Figs. 1 and 2, A indicates a thin, 30

transparent sheet of cellulose acetate film, on one face of which is afllxed a set of regularly spaced transferable dots a; B indicates a backing sheet of ordinary paper, having,preferably a non-glossy surface, which serves as a protection for the transferable sheet A. The two sheets A and B are shown as suitably secured together by staples C. In place of the specially arranged dots of Fig. 1,

I may employ any suitable pattern of isolated 40 areas as, for example, parallel lines of the material, as indicated in Fig. 9, at 11-4 on the sheet A,-l.

In use, the surface to be shaded; designated D, usually carrying an outline drawing, as illusand B, and may be held therein in any suitable manner, as by gummed tape secured to'the margin of the transfersheet and to the adjacent x posed portion of the underlying sheet.

After the surface or figure to be shaded is put into position, the artist simply manipulates his encil back and forth across the exposed face of the cellulose sheet, the point of the pencil pressing down on it with sufficient pressure to effect 2 the transfer: With a little practice this may be done very rapidly.

The Fig. 4 indicates by heavy lines F the approximate strokes of the artist's pencfl on top of the cellulose placed over the figure to be shaded. However, this 'is only a conventional illustration, as the pencfl is ordinarily manipulated by free hand back and forth; moreover, the smooth surface of the cellulose sheet prevents any substantial adherence of the pencil material, although the region shaded is readily visible to the oper ator by reason of the impressed dots showing through the transparent sheet rather more blackly than they appear before the pressure is applied. In the manipulation of the pencil back and forth, no .particular care need be except at the ends of the strokes. I

The result of successive pressure of the operators pencil over successive areas of the transparent sheet A of Fig. 1 is to give a stippled efiect on the drawing, as shown at G, Fig. 4. By making a second impression from a transfer sheet A, maintained in parallelism, but slightly shifted from that of the preceding impression, I produce the heavier shading indicated at H, Figs. 5 and 6.

If the transfer sheet-for the second impression is laid in a somewhat skewed position over the shaded figure, I may produce a fabric effect varied according to the relation of the two impressions. Thus, in Fig. 5 we have on the coat of the figure one form of fabric effect J, 'where the sheet A bears the relation to the stippled drawing illustrated in Fig. 7 and we have on the necktie of the figure a different fabric effect L,

corresponding to the ,relative positioning indicated in Fig. 8.

Fig. 9 illustrates a cellulose sheet Ai formed on its under-surface with parallel lines of transfer material. A single impression gives the same appearance to the underlying surface and a double parallel impression out of registration may give a cross-hatched or peculiar appearance, as indicated, for instance, at N in Fig. 10. There is no limit to the effects that can be produced by making successive impressions with differently positioned transfer sheets, or with sheets having different transfer areas. 1

The character of the transfer sheet is an important factor, as it must be thin enough and flexible enough to allow a ready transmission of the pressure, must be tough enough so as not to observed J have suflicient'transparency so that the artist can see the picture below the sheet. The cellulose acetate film which I employ is somewhat similar to film used for making photographic negatives of the non-curling type. While I have obtained the best results with a sheet of .012 of an inch thickness, this may be varied between the limits of .002 of an inch and .015 of an inch.

' The transferable material employed on ordinary carbon sheets used in typewriting, etc., will not adhereto the cellulose acetate film. 0n the other hand, the inks which have been developed for printing on celluloid, Cellophane and other synthetic sheets, will not offset. I have found that I can accomplish excellent results by employing the following material, which forms the sub- 4 ject matter of another application of mine, name- Parts Ester gum 4 Linseed varnish 8 Carbon black l. 4 Orange toner 2 Carnauba wax s l cellulose sheet carrying the same is secured face down on the protection sheet, and the product is ready'for use.

I claim:

1. As a new article of manufacture, a sheet of thin, flexible, transparent cellulose acetate material having on one face isolated areas of a transferable coating comprising ester gum, oily varnish, carbon black and wax.

2. As a newarticle of manufacture, a'film of 4 cellulose .acetate having. printed on one face isolated areas of a transferable coating comprising substantially four parts ester gum, eight parts linseed varnish, four parts carbon black, one part carnauba wax and two parts orange toner.

THEODORE L. MADDOCK. 

